(It should be noted that the blood samples were analyzed for PSA long after the colon polyp study had finished, so that there was no question of possibly 'missing the diagnosis' of prostate cancer.) What was found Samples from anyone who had prostate cancer, or who developed it during the 4-year period, were excluded from the analyses. Five consecutive blood samples were obtained from 972 men (average age 62) over a 4-year period, and the PSA levels measured. The colon polyp prevention study looked at the protective effect of a diet low in fat and high in fiber, fruits, and vegetables. This problem has been studied in analyses carried out on blood samples from men enrolled in a screening program for something entirely unrelated (colon polyps). Is it possible that widespread PSA testing is directly responsible for unnecessary surgery? It seems that PSA test results can vary quite a lot from time to time, and that an abnormal (raised) result may not be a 'true' indication of prostate disease. And, perhaps, surgery to remove the prostate is being done for very small cancers that might, in fact, not need to be removed. This means that prostate cancer is being diagnosed more often, and in earlier stages, than before. The use of PSA testing has resulted in more men having prostate biopsies 1 and subsequently being diagnosed with cancer. Not surprisingly, more and more men are having regular serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests, as part of early detection programs. Cancer of the prostate is the second most common cause of cancer deaths in men, after lung cancer.
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One hectic morning, King Roland wishes he could have the simple life of a baker and gets his wish!ĭuring family vacation on the King's floating palace, Sofia befriends a curious, young mermaid. When Sofia reluctantly agrees to help Aunt Tilly bake a pie, Sofia thinks she's in for a dull day. The students at Royal Prep make their own costumes for this year's All Hallows' Eve contest. When Sofia is selected to host a Royal Prep tea party, Amber encourages her to "think big." When Sofia brags about singing the Enchancian Anthem at a festival, her amulet puts a curse on her! King Roland insists on sending Baileywick on a hike with Sofia and her Buttercup troop.Ī new fairy teacher arrives at Royal Prep, but Sofia soon learns that she is up to no good! When Sofia's magical amulet goes missing, she loses the power to understand her animal friends. Sofia and Amber visit a friend, Prince Zandar, in the kingdom of Tangu and meet Princess Jasmine.Ĭlover is frustrated that Sofia is unable to spend time with him because she is so busy. In a nearby village, Sofia meets a young witch who can't resist pulling pranks on the other kids. The King gives Baileywick, the castle steward, the day off to celebrate his birthday with family.Įnchancia hosts a picnic with other kingdoms and James gets Sofia to be his teammate for the day. Sofia and the Royal Prep girls head to a special ball where their princess skills will be tested. Sofia decides not to enter Clover in a contest when Amber urges her to compete with a fancier bunny. Sofia is assigned a project with Vivian, a princess at Royal Prep, and soon learns she's very shy! Sofia, Amber and James are eager to go to the circus, but their plans change when James is reckless! When Sofia has to learn magic for a test, she becomes Cedric the Royal Sorcerer's apprentice. When Sofia befriends trolls who live near the castle, she tries to get her family to accept them. Sofia invites Ruby and Jade, her rambunctious friends from the village, to a royal slumber party. Sofia strives to be the first princess to earn a spot on Royal Prep's flying horse racing team.
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